View source for Publication: Tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: Effect on PSA

{{Publication
|Title=Tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: Effect on PSA
|Topic=Lycopene
|Author=Paur, I; Lilleby, W; Bøhn, S K; Hulander, E; Klein, W; Vlatkovic, L; Axcrona, K; Bolstad, N; Bjøro, T; Laake, P; Taskén, K A; Svindland, A; Eri, L M; Brennhovd, B; Carlsen, M H; Fosså, S D; Smeland, S S; Karlsen, A S; Blomhoff, R
|Year=2017
|Journal=Clinical Nutrition
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.014
|Authors Abstract=Background & aims: The effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remainsundetermined. We tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer patients.
Methods: Prior to their curative treatment, 79 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to a nutritional intervention with either 1) tomato products containing 30 mg lycopene per day; 2) tomato products plus selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, grape/pomegranate juice, and green/black tea (tomato-plus); or 3) control diet for 3 weeks.

Results: The main analysis, which included patients in all risk categories, did not reveal differences in changes of PSA-values between the intervention and control groups. Post-hoc, exploratory analyses within intermediate risk (n=41) patients based on tumor classification and Gleason score post-surgery, revealed that median PSA decreased significantly in the tomato group as compared to controls (-2.9% and +6.5% respectively, p=0.016). In separate post-hoc analyses, we observed that median PSA-values decreased by 1% in patients with the highest increases in plasma lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty
acid, compared to an 8.5% increase in the patients with the lowest increase in lycopene, selenium and C20:5 n-3 fatty acid (p=0.003). Also, PSA decreased in patients with the highest increase in lycopene alone (p=0.009).

Conclusions: Three week nutritional interventions with tomato-products alone or in combination with selenium and n-3 fatty acids lower PSA in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Our observation suggests that the effect may depend on both aggressiveness of the disease and the blood levels of lycopene, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids.
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